652 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
652 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
# 复杂场景下多模态情感预测:数学建模与算法设计
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> 2026 年中国研究生数学建模竞赛 E 题
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> **复杂场景下多模态情感预测的数学建模与算法设计**
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---
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## 1. 项目概述
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本项目基于 CMU-MOSEI 英文多模态情感数据,研究复杂场景下文本(Text)、语音(Audio)和视觉(Vision)三种模态的联合情感预测。
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赛题主要包含三个逐层递进的问题:
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1. **Q1:多模态情感特征提取与时序对齐**
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2. **Q2:模态局部缺失条件下的鲁棒情感预测**
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3. **Q3:可解释性多模态情感预测**
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整体逻辑可以概括为:
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\[
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\boxed{
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\text{原始视频}
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\rightarrow
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\text{多模态特征}
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\rightarrow
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\text{跨模态时序对齐}
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\rightarrow
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\text{缺失感知鲁棒融合}
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\rightarrow
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\text{情感预测}
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\rightarrow
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\text{预测解释}
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}
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\]
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本项目现阶段不预先指定某一种方案为最终方案,而采用:
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\[
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\boxed{\text{多方案全部实现 + 统一实验协议 + 系统对比}}
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\]
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最终根据:
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- 基础预测性能;
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- 缺失情况下的鲁棒性;
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- 解释可信度;
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- 模型复杂度;
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- 可复现性;
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共同确定最终建模方案。
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---
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# 2. 赛题核心任务
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## 2.1 Q1:多模态特征提取与时序对齐
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从原始视频中分别提取:
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- 文本语义特征;
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- 语音情感特征;
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- 视觉情感特征;
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并解决三种模态:
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- 采样频率不同;
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- 序列长度不同;
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- 时间尺度不同;
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造成的时序不一致问题。
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Q1 不以最终情感分类为主要目标,而应产生:
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\[
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\boxed{
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\text{结构化、可追溯、可核验的多模态时序特征}
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}
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\]
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同时记录:
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- 原始视频 ID;
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- 模态;
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- 时间位置;
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- 有效长度;
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- padding;
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- 原始视频时间映射;
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- 特征维度;
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- 对齐关系。
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---
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## 2.2 Q2:局部模态缺失下的鲁棒情感预测
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题目中的“模态缺失”不是简单的:
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> 整个 Audio / Vision / Text 完全不存在。
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而是:
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\[
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\boxed{\text{一个或多个模态中出现随机的连续局部缺失区间}}
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\]
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例如:
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\[
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X^A =
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[a_1,a_2,a_3,
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\underbrace{0,0,0,0}_{\text{局部缺失}},
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a_8,\ldots].
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\]
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模型需要同时预测:
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### 情感极性
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\[
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\hat c \in
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\{
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\text{Negative},
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\text{Neutral},
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\text{Positive}
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\}
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\]
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### 连续情感强度
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\[
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\hat y\in[-3,3]
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\]
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同时研究:
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\[
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\boxed{
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\text{缺失模态类型}
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+
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\text{缺失位置}
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+
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\text{缺失长度}
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}
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\]
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对预测性能的影响。
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---
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## 2.3 Q3:可解释性情感预测
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在三模态信息完整条件下,不仅预测:
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\[
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(\hat c,\hat y)
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\]
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还需要解释:
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1. 主要参考了哪种模态;
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2. 不同模态的作用程度;
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3. 哪些局部文本、音频和视觉片段最重要;
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4. 关键证据对应原始视频的什么时间位置。
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因此 Q3 的核心不是简单画 Attention,而是:
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\[
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\boxed{
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\text{定位证据}
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+
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\text{量化贡献}
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+
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\text{验证解释}
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+
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\text{回溯原始素材}
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}
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\]
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---
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# 3. 数据集说明
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---
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## 3.1 附件 1:100 条原始视频
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附件 1 包含从 CMU-MOSEI 中筛选的:
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\[
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100
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\]
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条英文视频样本。
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共有:
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\[
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37
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\]
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个 `video_id` 子文件夹。
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样本由:
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```text
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video_id + clip_id
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```
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共同唯一确定。
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视频长度范围:
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\[
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2.648s \sim 34.567s
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\]
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配套文件:
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```text
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label-100.xlsx
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```
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包含字段:
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| 字段 | 含义 |
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|---|---|
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| video_id | 原视频编号 |
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| clip_id | 视频片段编号 |
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| text | 英文转写文本 |
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| label | 连续情感强度 |
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| annotation | Negative / Neutral / Positive |
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连续情感标签:
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\[
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y\in[-3,3]
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\]
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定义:
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\[
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[-3,0)\Rightarrow Negative
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\]
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\[
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0\Rightarrow Neutral
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\]
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\[
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(0,3]\Rightarrow Positive
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\]
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注意:
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\[
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\boxed{0\text{ 只属于 Neutral}}
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\]
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---
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# 4. 附件 2:标准化多模态特征
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附件 2 包含两套特征:
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```text
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aligned_50.pkl
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unaligned_50.pkl
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```
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每套包含约:
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\[
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4850
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\]
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条有效样本,并按照:
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```python
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train
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valid
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test
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```
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划分。
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---
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## 4.1 Pickle 数据组织方式
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整体结构为:
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```text
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data
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├── train
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│ ├── id
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│ ├── raw_text
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│ ├── text
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│ ├── text_bert
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│ ├── audio
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│ ├── vision
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│ ├── annotations
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│ ├── classification_labels
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│ ├── regression_labels
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│ └── ...
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├── valid
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└── test
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```
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正确读取方式:
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```python
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data["train"]["audio"][j]
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```
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而不是:
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```python
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data["train"][j]["audio"]
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```
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---
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# 5. aligned / unaligned 数据格式
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## 5.1 aligned_50.pkl
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\[
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X^T\in\mathbb R^{N\times50\times768}
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\]
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\[
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X^A\in\mathbb R^{N\times50\times74}
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\]
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\[
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X^V\in\mathbb R^{N\times50\times35}
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\]
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三个模态已经被组织为:
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\[
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50
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\]
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个相互对应的位置。
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可以理解为:
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\[
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T_i\leftrightarrow A_i\leftrightarrow V_i.
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\]
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---
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## 5.2 unaligned_50.pkl
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文本:
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\[
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X^T\in\mathbb R^{N\times50\times768}
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\]
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音频:
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\[
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X^A\in\mathbb R^{N\times500\times74}
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\]
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视觉:
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\[
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X^V\in\mathbb R^{N\times500\times35}
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\]
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同时提供:
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```text
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audio_lengths
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vision_lengths
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```
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记录实际有效长度。
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因此 unaligned 数据保留了:
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\[
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\boxed{
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\text{文本较粗语义轴}
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+
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\text{音频细粒度时序}
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+
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\text{视觉细粒度时序}
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}
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\]
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这为学习式 Cross-Attention 对齐提供了空间。
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---
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# 6. 附件 3:模态局部缺失测试集
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附件 3:
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- 无标签;
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- 已处理多模态特征;
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- 包含随机局部模态缺失;
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- 缺失区间表现为连续位置全部置零。
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用于 Q2 最终预测。
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---
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# 7. 附件 4:可解释性专项测试集
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附件 4:
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- 无标签;
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- 三模态完整;
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- 同时提供原始真实场景视频;
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- 特征组织形式与附件 2 一致。
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用于:
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\[
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\boxed{
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\text{预测}
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+
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\text{模态贡献}
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+
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\text{关键证据定位}
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}
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\]
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可以根据 Q1 保存的时间映射将关键位置重新定位到:
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- 原始文本;
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- 音频时间段;
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- 视频关键帧。
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---
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# 8. 统一数学符号
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一个样本记为:
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\[
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\mathcal X_i=
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(X_i^T,X_i^A,X_i^V)
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\]
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其中:
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- \(T\):Text
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- \(A\):Audio
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- \(V\):Vision
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原始模态序列:
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\[
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X^m=
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[x_1^m,\ldots,x_{L_m}^m],
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\qquad
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m\in\{T,A,V\}.
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\]
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---
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## 8.1 基础符号
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| 符号 | 含义 |
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|---|---|
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| \(x_j^m\) | 模态 \(m\) 原始第 \(j\) 个位置特征 |
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| \(\tilde x_i^m\) | 软对齐到文本位置 \(i\) 后的特征 |
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| \(h_i^m\) | 模态编码器生成的隐藏表示 |
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| \(M_j^m\) | 原始位置是否有效 |
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| \(A_{ij}^m\) | Cross-Attention 对齐权重 |
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| \(R_i^m\) | 对齐后的局部模态可靠度 |
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| \(\alpha_i^m\) | 融合时模态权重 |
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| \(z_i\) | 第 \(i\) 个位置的多模态融合表示 |
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| \(\beta_i\) | 第 \(i\) 个位置对整段情绪的时间重要性 |
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| \(g\) | 整条视频最终表示 |
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| \(\hat y\) | 情感强度预测 |
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| \(\hat c\) | 情感极性预测 |
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---
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## Q1
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@Q1.md
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---
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# 可能使用的开源库、工具与模型
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| 类别 | 工具 / 模型 | 用途 | 优先级 |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| 深度学习 | PyTorch | 网络、训练、Cross-Attention | 必须 |
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| GPU | CUDA / cuDNN | GPU 加速 | 必须 |
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| 数值计算 | NumPy | 数值运算 | 必须 |
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| 数据 | Pandas | CSV / XLSX / 表格 | 必须 |
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| 科学计算 | SciPy | Pearson / 统计分析 | 必须 |
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| ML | scikit-learn | F1、Accuracy、MAE 等 | 必须 |
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| 配置 | PyYAML | 实验配置 | 推荐 |
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| 配置 | Hydra / OmegaConf | 多实验管理 | 推荐 |
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| 日志 | TensorBoard | loss / metric | 推荐 |
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| 日志 | MLflow | 系统实验管理 | 可选 |
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| 调参 | Optuna | 超参数搜索 | 推荐 |
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| 视频 | FFmpeg | 拆音频、转码 | 必须 |
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| 视频 | OpenCV | 抽帧与时间映射 | 必须 |
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| 文本 | Hugging Face Transformers | BERT 等 | 高 |
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| 文本 | BERT-base-uncased | 768 维表示 | 高 |
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| ASR/时间戳 | WhisperX | 词级时间定位 | 推荐 |
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| 强制对齐 | Montreal Forced Aligner | transcript-audio alignment | 推荐 |
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| 音频 | openSMILE | 声学/韵律特征 | 高 |
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| 音频 | librosa | 基础信号处理 | 推荐 |
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| 音频 | torchaudio | PyTorch 音频 | 推荐 |
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| 音频 PLM | wav2vec 2.0 | 深层语音表示 | 可选 |
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| 音频 PLM | WavLM | 深层语音表示 | 可选 |
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| 音频 PLM | HuBERT | 深层语音表示 | 可选 |
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| 视觉 | OpenFace 2.0 | AU / gaze / pose | 高 |
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| 视觉 | MediaPipe | landmark / blendshape | 可选 |
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| 视觉 | torchvision | 图像处理 | 推荐 |
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| 多模态 | CMU-MultimodalSDK | MOSEI 数据参考 | 高 |
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| 多模态 | MultiBench | baseline / multimodal benchmark | 高 |
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| 解释 | Captum | IG / Occlusion / Ablation | 高 |
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| 解释 | SHAP | Shapley 解释 | 可选 |
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| 可视化 | Matplotlib | 曲线 / 热图 | 必须 |
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| 可视化 | Plotly | 交互可视化 | 可选 |
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| 统计 | statsmodels | 回归 / 显著性分析 | 推荐 |
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---
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# 模型候选汇总
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| 模块 | 候选 |
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|---|---|
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| Text Encoder | BERT |
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| Audio Feature | openSMILE |
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| Audio Encoder | BiGRU / Transformer |
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| Audio PLM | Wav2Vec2 / WavLM |
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| Vision Feature | OpenFace |
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| Vision Encoder | BiGRU / Transformer |
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| Alignment | Hard Alignment |
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| Alignment | Fixed Window |
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| Alignment | Cross-Attention |
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| Fusion | Concatenation |
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| Fusion | TFN |
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| Fusion | LMF |
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| Fusion | MAG |
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| Fusion | MulT |
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| Representation | MISA |
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| Missing Model | MMIN |
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| Missing Model | CMAD |
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| Missing Model | P-RMF |
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| Experts | EMOE |
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| Diffusion | HyperEF |
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| Factorization | FUSE-Net |
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| Distribution Alignment | CaReFlow |
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| Robust Representation | CmIR |
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| Attribution | Integrated Gradients |
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| Attribution | Occlusion |
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| Attribution | Feature Ablation |
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| Attribution | SHAP |
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---
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# 参考文献
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> 下表优先使用论文官方会议/期刊入口。
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> README 中记录 DOI、ACL Anthology ID、arXiv ID 或官方论文标题,避免引用二手博客作为正式论文来源。
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| # | 文献 | 会议/期刊 | 年份 | 与本项目关系 | 官方标识 |
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|---|---|---|---:|---|---|
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| 1 | Zhang et al., *Deep learning-based multimodal emotion recognition from audio, visual, and text modalities: A systematic review of recent advancements and future prospects* | Expert Systems with Applications | 2024 | 多模态情感综述 | DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2023.121692 |
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| 2 | Bagher Zadeh et al., *Multimodal Language Analysis in the Wild: CMU-MOSEI Dataset and Interpretable Dynamic Fusion Graph* | ACL | 2018 | CMU-MOSEI | ACL: P18-1208 |
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| 3 | Vaswani et al., *Attention Is All You Need* | NeurIPS | 2017 | Transformer / Attention | NeurIPS 2017 |
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| 4 | Devlin et al., *BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding* | NAACL | 2019 | 文本特征 | ACL: N19-1423 |
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| 5 | Eyben et al., *openSMILE: The Munich Versatile and Fast Open-Source Audio Feature Extractor* | ACM Multimedia | 2010 | 音频特征 | ACM MM 2010 |
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| 6 | Baltrušaitis et al., *OpenFace 2.0: Facial Behavior Analysis Toolkit* | FG | 2018 | 视觉特征 | DOI: 10.1109/FG.2018.00019 |
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| 7 | Bain et al., *WhisperX: Time-Accurate Speech Transcription of Long-Form Audio* | arXiv | 2023 | 词级时间戳 | arXiv:2303.00747 |
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| 8 | Tsai et al., *Multimodal Transformer for Unaligned Multimodal Language Sequences* | ACL | 2019 | unaligned + Cross-Attention | ACL: P19-1656 |
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| 9 | Rahman et al., *Integrating Multimodal Information in Large Pretrained Transformers* | ACL | 2020 | MAG-BERT / 文本中心融合 | DOI:10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.214 |
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| 10 | Zadeh et al., *Tensor Fusion Network for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis* | EMNLP | 2017 | TFN baseline | ACL: D17-1115 |
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| 11 | Liu et al., *Efficient Low-rank Multimodal Fusion With Modality-Specific Factors* | ACL | 2018 | LMF baseline | ACL: P18-1209 |
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| 12 | Hazarika et al., *MISA: Modality-Invariant and -Specific Representations for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis* | ACM MM | 2020 | shared / private representation | DOI:10.1145/3394171.3413678 |
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| 13 | Neverova et al., *ModDrop: Adaptive Multi-Modal Gesture Recognition* | TPAMI | 2016 | 模态随机丢失 | DOI:10.1109/TPAMI.2015.2461544 |
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| 14 | Pham et al., *Found in Translation: Learning Robust Joint Representations by Cyclic Translations between Modalities* | AAAI | 2019 | 跨模态重构 | DOI:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33016892 |
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| 15 | Zhao et al., *Missing Modality Imagination Network for Emotion Recognition with Uncertain Missing Modalities* | ACL-IJCNLP | 2021 | MMIN | ACL:2021.acl-long.203 |
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| 16 | 王楠、王淇、欧阳丹彤,《基于知识蒸馏与动态调整机制的多模态情感分析模型》 | 计算机学报 | 2025 | AUMDF / 动态权重 / 缺失 | 48(8):1923–1942 |
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| 17 | Fang et al., *EMOE: Modality-Specific Enhanced Dynamic Emotion Experts* | CVPR | 2025 | Mixture of Experts | CVPR 2025 |
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| 18 | Zhuang et al., *CMAD: Correlation-Aware and Modalities-Aware Distillation for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis with Missing Modalities* | ICCV | 2025 | 缺失模态蒸馏 | ICCV 2025 |
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| 19 | Zhu et al., *Proxy-Driven Robust Multimodal Sentiment Analysis with Incomplete Data* | ACL | 2025 | P-RMF / 不确定性 | DOI:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.1075 |
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| 20 | Qiu et al., *Beyond Missing Modalities: Hypergraph Conditioned Diffusion for Uncertainty-Aware Multimodal Emotion Recognition* | CVPR | 2026 | Diffusion / uncertainty | CVPR 2026 |
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| 21 | Yang & Li, *Factorize, Reconstruct, Enhance: A Unified Framework for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis* | CVPR | 2026 | shared/specific/noise + reconstruction | CVPR 2026 |
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| 22 | Mai & Han, *Learning Invariant Modality Representation for Robust Multimodal Learning from a Causal Inference Perspective* | ACL | 2026 | CmIR / causal invariance | DOI:10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.2119 |
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| 23 | Mai & Han, *CaReFlow: Cyclic Adaptive Rectified Flow for Multimodal Fusion* | CVPR | 2026 | 模态分布对齐 | arXiv:2602.19140 |
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| 24 | Wan et al., *Locate and Explain: Joint Multimodal Emotion Cause Extraction and Summarization in Conversation* | ACL | 2026 | 关键证据定位 | DOI:10.18653/v1/2026.acl-long.2012 |
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| 25 | Sundararajan et al., *Axiomatic Attribution for Deep Networks* | ICML | 2017 | Integrated Gradients | PMLR 70 |
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| 26 | Jain & Wallace, *Attention is not Explanation* | NAACL | 2019 | Attention 解释局限 | DOI:10.18653/v1/N19-1357 |
|
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| 27 | Lundberg & Lee, *A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictions* | NeurIPS | 2017 | SHAP | NeurIPS 2017 |
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| 28 | Adebayo et al., *Sanity Checks for Saliency Maps* | NeurIPS | 2018 | 解释可信性验证 | NeurIPS 2018 |
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| 29 | Zeiler & Fergus, *Visualizing and Understanding Convolutional Networks* | ECCV | 2014 | Occlusion 思想 | DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-10590-1_53 |
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| 30 | Wachter et al., *Counterfactual Explanations without Opening the Black Box* | arXiv / HILDA | 2017 | 反事实解释 | arXiv:1711.00399 |
|
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|
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---
|
||
|
||
# 最终原则
|
||
|
||
本项目当前不采用:
|
||
|
||
> “先选一个看起来高级的模型,然后证明它最好。”
|
||
|
||
而采用:
|
||
|
||
\[
|
||
\boxed{
|
||
\text{提出多个机制假设}
|
||
\rightarrow
|
||
\text{设计公平实验}
|
||
\rightarrow
|
||
\text{观察数据}
|
||
\rightarrow
|
||
\text{解释规律}
|
||
\rightarrow
|
||
\text{确定最终模型}
|
||
}
|
||
\]
|
||
|
||
重点不只是得到最高指标,还要回答:
|
||
|
||
1. 为什么某种对齐方式更好?
|
||
2. 哪种模态最怕局部缺失?
|
||
3. 缺失的位置是否比缺失比例更重要?
|
||
4. Cross-Attention 能否帮助判断缺失信息的重要程度?
|
||
5. 动态可靠度是否真的提高鲁棒性?
|
||
6. 重构和“降低信任”哪种策略更有效?
|
||
7. Attention 权重是否真的对应模型决策依据?
|
||
8. 哪种解释方法最能经受反事实验证?
|
||
|
||
最终目标是形成:
|
||
|
||
\[
|
||
\boxed{
|
||
\text{有性能}
|
||
+
|
||
\text{有机制}
|
||
+
|
||
\text{有数学分析}
|
||
+
|
||
\text{有可解释性}
|
||
}
|
||
\]
|
||
|
||
的完整多模态情感预测建模方案。 |